Current risk assessment tools for predicting mortality in patients with exercise testing are either outdated, have excluded important patient populations, or have not adequately assessed risk in women. We have therefore created an inclusive sex-specific risk score to better predict overall mortality. These risk scores were developed and validated in a cohort of nearly 60,000 patients at the Cleveland Clinic with further validation in nearly 50,000 patients from the Henry Ford Hospital.



Dr. Paul Cremer

Paul Cremer, MD, graduated from Harvard Medical and trained in Internal Medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He completed his general cardiology and cardiovascular imaging training at the Cleveland Clinic where he is currently a staff cardiologist.

Dr. Leslie Cho

Leslie Cho, MD, is Director of the Cleveland Clinic’s Women’s Cardiovascular Center. She is also Section Head, Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation in the Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at Cleveland Clinic.

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