Tooth Decay

What is tooth decay?
Tooth decay is an area of tooth destroyed by acids. These acids result as the bacteria that normally live in the mouth come in contact with the foods we eat. The acids damage the protective, top layer of the tooth (known as enamel).

The bacteria, acid, food debris, and saliva combine and build up to form a sticky film called plaque (plak). Plaque is especially harmful to teeth because it holds tiny food particles and gathers in spaces in between the teeth and around the gums. Over time, acids in plaque can eat all the way through the enamel, creating holes in the teeth called cavities, or caries. If tooth decay is not treated, further damage to gums occurs.

How can I know if I have tooth decay?
Tooth decay may be painless at first, but if the tooth enamel is destroyed, you may get a painful cavity in the tooth. The decayed tooth may be sensitive to hot, cold and sugary foods.

How can I prevent tooth decay?

• Eat a balanced diet. Eating a variety of foods will help prevent tooth decay. Choose foods from each food group. Limit snacks that contain large amounts of sugar and starches. These foods produce the most acids.
• Brush your teeth at least twice a day. If you can, brush after every meal. Brushing your teeth removes the damaging bacteria and food particles. Use toothpastes and mouth rinses that contain fluoride.
• Floss your teeth once a day. Flossing removes food particles and bacteria your toothbrush cannot reach. If plaque stays between teeth it can harden into tartar, which must be removed by a dentist.
• Visit your dentist at least twice a year. To maintain healthy teeth and gums, it's important to have regular check-ups and professional cleanings.

What's the best way to brush my teeth?

1. Place a small amount of toothpaste on the head of the toothbrush.
2. Place the toothbrush against the teeth at a 45 degree angle.
3. Move the brush across the teeth in a circular motion.
4. Use the same motions for the inside surfaces of the teeth.
5. To clean the inside of the bottom front teeth, angle the head in an up-and-down position toward the bottom inside of the mouth and move the brush up and down.
6. For the inside of the top front teeth, angle the brush vertically with the tip of the head pointing towards the roof of the mouth. Move the toothbrush up and down.

What's the best way to floss my teeth?

1. Remove a strip of floss from the dispenser.
2. Wind the floss around the middle fingers of each hand.
3. Place the floss in your mouth and use your index fingers to push the floss between the teeth.
4. Move the floss up and down against the tooth and up around the gum line.
5. Floss the top teeth then the bottom.
6. Use a clean piece of floss when needed.

Where can I learn more?
National Oral Health Information Clearinghouse: 1 (301) 402-7364

© Copyright 1995-2010 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved.

This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. For additional written health information, please contact the Health Information Center at the Cleveland Clinic (216) 444-3771 or toll-free (800) 223-2273 extension 43771 or visit www.clevelandclinic.org/health/.

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