| Gallbladder |
The pear-shaped organ that
sits below the liver. The gall-bladder stores bile, which aids in
the digestion of fat containing foods. |
| Gallbladder Cancer
|
An extremely rare cancer
which originates in the gall bladder (The pear-shaped organ that sits
below the liver. The gall-bladder stores bile, which aids in the digestion
of fat containing foods). |
|
Gamma knife
|
A non-surgical procedure in which a machine that emits hundreds
of powerful, highly focused gamma beams is aimed at a tumor in a
single treatment session, as in treatment of a brain tumor.
|
|
Gamma rays
|
High-energy rays that come from a radioactive source such as cobalt-60.
|
| Gangliocytoma (Ganglioneuroma) |
Rare benign tumors that
arise from ganglia-type cells which are groups of nerve cells. These
tumors are small, slow growing and have distinct margins; metastasis
and malignancy are very rare. |
| Ganglioneuroma
(Gangliocytoma) |
Rare benign tumors that
arise from ganglia-type cells which are groups of nerve cells. These
tumors are small, slow growing and have distinct margins; metastasis
and malignancy are very rare. |
|
Gastrectomy
|
Surgery to remove all or part of the stomach.
|
|
Gastric
|
Having to do with the stomach.
|
|
Gastric Atrophy
|
A condition in which that stomach muscles shrink and become weak.
It results in a lack of digestive juices.
|
| Gastric
Cancer |
Cancer of the major organ
that holds food for digestion. Stomach cancer (gastric cancer) can
develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs. |
|
Gastrointestinal
|
The digestive tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
and intestines.
|
| Gastrointestinal Cancer |
Cancer that develops within
the stomach or intestines. |
| Gastrointestinal tract |
The stomach and intestines.
|
|
Gastroscope
|
A flexible, lighted instrument that is put through the mouth and
esophagus to view the stomach. Tissue from the stomach can be removed
through the gastroscope.
|
|
Gene alterations
|
Changes in the cells’ unit of inheritance that may be good
or bad for the body.
|
|
Gene, genetic
|
A biologic unit of DNA capable of transmitting a single characteristic
from parent to offspring.
|
|
Generic
|
A drug not protected by trademark. Also, the scientific name as
opposed to the proprietary, brand name.
|
|
Genetic change
|
An alteration in a segment of DNA, which can disturb a gene’s
behavior and sometimes leads to disease.
|
|
Geniturinary system
|
Organs and parts of the body that are concerned with the kidneys,
urinary bladder and organs of reproduction.
|
|
Genome
|
All the genetic material in the chromosomes of a particular organism.
|
|
Germ cell tumors
|
Types of tumors arising from a germ cell (the reproductive cells
of the body, either the egg or sperm cells). Most commonly found
as tumors of the testis, about 5% of all ovarian cancers and as
an uncommon childhood brain tumor occuring in young persons between
the ages of 11 and 30.
|
|
Germ cells
|
The reproductive cells of the body, either egg or sperm cells.
|
|
Germinoma
|
The most common type of germ cell tumor of the brain.
|
|
Glands
|
A cell or group of cells which have the ability to manufacture
a secretion that is discharged and used in some other part of the
body.
|
|
Glioblastoma Multiforme
|
Fast growing astrocytomas that contain areas of dead tumor cells.
While many tumors contain a mixture of cell types, GBM is the most
mixed of brain tumors. It is this characteristic that makes it one
of the most difficult brain tumors to treat. GBM's represent about
30% of all primary brain tumors and about 50% of the astrocytomas.
It is more common in older adults, and affects more men than women.
9% of childhood brain tumors are glioblastomas.
|
|
Glioma
|
A general name for tumors that arise from the supportive tissue
of the brain. Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors.
|
|
Glottis
|
The middle part of the larynx, the area where the vocal cords are
located.
|
| Gonads |
Referring to the part of
the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovaries)
or sperm (testicles/testes). |
|
Grade of tumor
|
A way of classifying tumors by there appearance under the microscope.
A "high-grade" tumor is immature, poorly differentiated
(looks less like the normal cell that it originated from), fast
growing and aggressive. A "low-grade" tumor is usually
mature, well-differentiated (looks similar to the normal tissue
that it originated from), slow growing and less aggressive. The
grading of tumors is used to help determine cancer prognosis.
|
|
Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
|
After bone marrow transplantation, immune cells in the donated
(grafted) material may identify the patient's (host) tissue as foreign
and try to destroy them. This can be a serious problem, and drugs
are available to combat it. However, in some cases, a GVH reaction
actually helps to control the cancer.
|
|
Gray
|
A measurement of the amount of radiation dose absorbed by the body;
1 Gray = 100 rads.
|
|
Groin
|
The area where the thigh meets the abdomen.
|
|
Growth factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF)
|
Also called colony stimulating factors. Substances that stimulate
the production of certain blood cells. This treatment can help the
bone marrow recover from the effects of chemotherapy and radiation.
|
| Gynecologic |
Pertaining to the female
reproductive tract, including the cervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes,
ovaries, uterus, and vagina. |
| Gynecologic Cancer
|
Cancer of the female reproductive
tract, including the cervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries,
uterus, and vagina. |
|
Gynecologic oncologist
|
A doctor who specializes in treating cancers of the female reproductive
system.
|
|
Gynecologist
|
A doctor who specializes in the care and treatment of disorders
of a woman’s reproductive system.
|
